Knowledge Hub
Welcome to our Knowledge Hub. Here you can find links to our peer-reviewed publications, snapshots, reports, blog posts and tools for practice.
Our snapshots are brief, accessible summaries that include tools, guidance, methods, processes and findings to guide practice, policy and future research. They guide and support the design and implementation of effective place-based, systems change approaches for community members, practitioners, and policy-makers.
Snapshots
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Our systematic scoping review revealed a lack of clarity about what ‘flexibility’ means in flexible grant schemes. On some occasions, funders and grantees haddiffering interpretations, which can hinder the effective delivery of grant-related activities.
To address the lack of clarity around what ‘flexibility’ means in flexible grant schemes, we developed the FlexFunding Framework. The FlexFunding Framework is designed to help funders clearly communicate what ‘flexibility’ means to foster a shared language and understanding with grantees.
Download our Methods Snapshot: ‘The FlexFunding Framework: Getting Funders and Grantees on the Same Page About Flexibility’
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There have been increasing calls for more flexibility in government grant schemes. Flexible grant schemes are granting models that are designed to be adaptable to the needs of grantees by allowing them more flexibility in the use of funds, project timelines or objectives.
Given this growing interest, it was timely to map the available evidence on flexible grant schemes.This snapshot outlines the findings of our systematic scoping review.
Download our Findings Snapshot: ‘Flexible Grant Schemes: What the Evidence Says (and What We Still Need to Know)’
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Currently, no validated tools exist to measure an organisation’s capacity to engage in practices that support systems change. Without such tools, leaders and practitioners may find it challenging to identify where to focus their efforts when aiming for systems change. To address this need, we developed the Capacity of Organisations for System Practices scale—a tool designed to assess an organization’s capacity to engage in system practices.
Download our methods snapshot: ‘A new tool to measure the capacity of organisations for system practices’
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Sifting through the vast amount of online information to find credible practical resources such as reports and guidelines can be challenging. In this snapshot, we introduce the Resource’s Attributes for evidence-informed Practice Tool (RAPT), designed to assess the current and enhance the quality and future resources. This snapshot explains what RAPT is and how it can be used. To find out more about the purpose, development, structure and use of the tool, read our report.
Download our methods snapshot: Introducing the RAPT: A tool for assessing and enhancing the quality of practical resources’
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Governments worldwide play a crucial role in funding, developing and implementing place-based approaches. Despite this, there remains a lack of research focused on public policies related to place-based approaches. In this policy brief, we present our findings from an analysis of Australian federal policies related to place-based approaches.
Download our policy brief snapshot: ‘Place-based approaches: Lessons from and for Australian federal public policy’
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For those working in place-based approaches, navigating the world of resources (e.g. publications, websites, courses) can be especially challenging due to the abundance of available resources. This snapshot is a good starting point, as we share our key insights from our review of resources that support the implementation of place-based approaches.
Download our findings snapshot: ‘Navigating resources to support the implementation of place-based approaches: Insights from a review’ -
There is no standardised approach to developing a middle-range theory, and researchers don’t often provide sufficient detail on the methods used to develop them. This means there is a lack of transparency and guidance for others who are developing such theories. In this methods snapshot, we describe the approach we used to develop a middle-range theory called the Theory of Systems Change.
Download our methods snapshot: ‘An approach for developing middle-range theory’ -
There is growing attention on place-based systems change approaches to help address complex social problems. There is agreement on the goal of these approaches - to address problems and, ultimately, improve population health outcomes. However, researchers, practitioners, policy-makers and funders grapple with the question of how do we define success at the system level? In this snapshot, we address this question. Defining success for place-based systems change approaches will help those who fund, design, implement, and evaluate place-based systems change approaches and advance knowledge about the effectiveness of these approaches.
Download our findings snapshot: ‘Defining success for place-based systems change approaches’ -
The metaphor of an iceberg is commonly used in systems thinking because it depicts what is visible above and less visible below the surface. When working with a group, an Iceberg Activity can help participants pause and reset their thinking about underlying causes, rather than surface level problems. In this snapshot, we explain what an Iceberg Activity is, how to apply it, and what we learned from using this Iceberg Activity in our work.
Download our methods snapshot: ‘Thinking systemically: An iceberg activity’ -
We all use search engines on a daily basis to look for news, recipes, or music. Most of us regularly use them in our working lives. Despite this, getting the most out of search engines is not as easy as it seems. In this snapshot, we share our learnings about how to make the search engines work best for your work.
Download our methods snapshot: ‘How can I get the best results from my Internet search?’
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Co-creation is a collaborative process that refers to the active involvement of community and other stakeholders in the processes of design, implementation, and evaluation. We are engaging in co-creation (through dialogue) throughout the Program, involving a range of activities and stakeholders. In this snapshot, we present a brief definition of co-creation and our approach to using it within our communities – Brimbank and Logan, as well as some of our key learnings.
Download our methods snapshot: ‘Engaging in co-creation through dialogue’ -
Community resource and asset mapping is an activity that focuses on identifying, locating, and cataloguing the existing assets or resources within a particular area. The data generated through the mapping shines a light on the state of service delivery in a particular place at a particular time, and can be used to inform decision-making in a range of areas, including planning for future services or identifying gaps in the system. In the Findings snapshot, we summarise the findings from an extensive community asset mapping exercise conducted in Brimbank. In the Methods snapshot, we introduce the C-CAP (Contextualise, Collect, Analyse, Present) process, a four phase approach to preparing for, conducting, and reporting on community resource mapping.
Download our snapshots:• Methods snapshot: ‘The C-CAP Process for Community Resource Mapping’
• Findings snapshot: ‘Community asset mapping in Brimbank’
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Stakeholder mapping involves defining who stakeholders are, gathering information about them and analysing their roles, relationship, and/or resources. This process can help researchers, policy-makers, and practitioners better understand their local context and design strategies to work with stakeholders in change efforts. In the snapshot, we define stakeholder mapping and outline our approach to using it within two communities – Brimbank and Logan, as well as key learnings from our experiences using stakeholder mapping.
Download our methods snapshot: ‘Stakeholder mapping’
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Research tells us that children and young people’s wellbeing, employment, and education outcomes are connected to where they live. Place-based approaches recognise that place matters and that local solutions are needed to address the linked, underlying causes of disadvantage. To further our understanding of place-based approaches, we conducted a review of both academic and non-academic (i.e. ‘grey’) literature relevant to place-based approaches. In this snapshot, you can read key findings from our literature review.
Download our findings snapshot: ‘Review of the evidence about place-based approaches’ -
Issues of a fragmented service system and siloed practices are well known. To address these challenges, some have suggested the use of System Intermediaries (sometimes also called partnership brokers or boundary spanners) to act as a bridge between researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers, enabling them to come together to advance the work of those who support children, young people and families. This snapshot summarises findings of a review of System Intermediary roles, including their key functions, practices, and challenges.
Download our findings snapshot: ‘System Intermediaries: a brief literature review’
The following are peer-reviewed publications written by the Pathways in Place-VU team. In these publications, we provide guidance and explore theory, methods, processes and evidence for place-based, systems change approaches.
Peer-reviewed publications
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“This systematic scoping review aimed to explore the literature on flexible grant schemes, interpretations of flexibility across the grant schemes, the extent to which and how grant schemes have been evaluated, and key factors associated with the perceived success of grant schemes.”
Read the publication here: Klepac, B., Mowle, A., Fitzpatrick, E. & Craike, M. (2025) Flexible grant schemes: a systematic scoping review. BMC Public Health 25, 538 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21543-8
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"Organisational practices are potential levers for systems change. However, robust measures of organisational capacity to engage in these practices are lacking. Informed by the Theory of Systems Change, we developed and tested the Capacity of Organisations for System Practices (COSP) scale. The COSP scale comprises four inter-related system practices within organisations—adaptation, alignment, collaboration and evidence-driven action and learning."
Read the publication here: Craike, M, Bartlett L, Mowle A, Riley T, Krahe M, Klepac B. (2024) Development and testing of the capacity of organisations for system practices scale, Health Promotion Journal of Australia. http://doi.org/10.1002/hpja.922 -
“Despite the important role of public policy, there has been limited examination of public policy related to place-based approaches. We add to the limited knowledge base by analysing Australian national public policy, to explore: (1) the definitions, conceptualisations, and characteristics of place-based approaches in public policy; (2) the government’s perception and communication of its role in place-based approaches; and (3) the extent to which government policy reflects the necessary conditions for successful place-based governance developed by Marsh and colleagues, namely localised context, embedded learning, and reciprocal accountability.”
Read the publication here: Klepac B, Mowle A, Riley T, Craike, M. (2023) Government, governance, and place-based approaches: Lessons from and for public policy. Health Research Policy and Systems. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-023-01074-7
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”This paper addresses the theoretical limitations of research impact, theory-based evaluation and systems thinking, by drawing on their respective literature to develop an initial, middle-range Theory of Systems Change, focused on the contribution of public health research that takes a systems perspective on population health outcomes.”
Read the publication here: Craike M, Klepac B, Mowle A, Riley T. (2023) Theory of systems change: An initial, middle-range theory of public health research impact. Research Evaluation. https://doi.org/10.1093/reseval/rvad030 -
”Drawing on the learnings from a literature review, scoping workshops, and reflective practice sessions, we developed a flexible, methodologically robust process called the Contextualize, Collect, Analyze, and Present (C-CAP) process: a four-phase approach to preparing for, conducting, and reporting on community resource mapping.”
Read the publication here: Mowle A, Klepac B, Riley T, Craike M. (2023) The C-CAP Process: A Comprehensive Approach to Community Resource Mapping. Health Promotion Practice. doi:10.1177/15248399231193696 -
”The aims of the review are to: (1) identify and review publicly available resources that support the implementation of place-based approaches; (2) review the attributes of selected resources to guide evidence-informed practice using an originally developed tool; and (3) identify priority areas for future development of resources aimed at supporting the implementation of place-based approaches.”
Read the publication here: Klepac B, Branch S, McVey L, Mowle A, Riley T, Craike M. (2023) Scoping review of practice-focused resources to support the implementation of place-based approaches. Health Promot Journal of Australia. doi:10.1002/hpja.809
These are reports that show the findings from our work and provide guidance for policy-makers, practitioners, community members, and researchers engaged in place-based systems change initiatives.
Reports
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This report can be used by organisations in Brimbank to provide an understanding of the existing assets within the City of Brimbank that support the attainment of education in youth, employment and mental wellbeing.
Read the report here: Mapping community assets in Brimbank -
This commissioned report identifies programs in Hume City related to employment and education.
Read the report here: Mapping the Hume Jobs and Skills Ecosystem -
We propose that adaptation, alignment, collaboration, and evidence-driven action and learning are four practices necessary for well-functioning systems in the Theory of Systems Change. In this report, we examine how Australian federal policies related to place-based approaches frames these four practices.
Read the report here: How does public policy frame practices necessary for well-functioning systems? An analysis of Australian federal public policy on place-based approaches -
This report explains the purpose, development, structure and use of the Resources’ Attributes for evidence-informed Practice Tool (RAPT), which was designed to be used by practitioners, decision-makers, and community members who rely on various practical resources, such as reports, guidelines and implementation plans, to inform their work.
Read the report here: Development, structure and use of the Resources’ Attributes for evidence-informed Practice Tool (RAPT)
Systems thinking gives us a way to make sense of complexity and helps us think about ‘problems’ differently. Our blog documents some of the ways we apply systems perspectives to real-world situations, which helps us make sense of the systems around us. Access our blog here, or view specific posts below.
Blog
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The spectre of Big Tobacco has once again reared its ugly head – only this time it’s mango flavoured and shaped like a USB flash drive.
Click here to view the post -
Whether it be supply chain hold ups, workforce shortages, cyber hacks or the pallor state of airline travel in Australia, we are being reminded daily of system failure.
Click here to view the post -
Beyond the surface level issues of legality and efficiency, the Robodebt controversy prompts us to ask deeper questions as to the assumptions that underpin technological systems, and the values we implicitly endorse when such schemes are put into action.
Click here to view the post -
On May 2nd, 2023, members of the Writers Guild of America (WGA) put down their pens and turned off their computers. Instead of writing screenplays and scripts, they wrote placards and took to the streets to protest the behind-the-times pay structure and other labour issues.
Click here to view the post -
Whatever your opinion of Taylor Swift, it’s undeniable that she’s an icon. With a net worth of USD$1.1 billion, 14 Grammy wins, and numerous chart-topping hits to her name, it’s safe to say that her grip on the music industry, pop culture, and society at large is tightening by the day.
Click here to read the post -
For many athletes it was their first time in France, or potentially abroad at all. They would likely have experienced some level of culture shock; from language and fashion to escargot and politics. This left us wondering, can you experience culture shock in your own city?
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As we begin another academic year in Australia, there is little doubt that the University sector is in crisis. A recent report by the National Tertiary Education Union (NTEU) found that ‘trust’ in Australian universities continues to erode amid ‘poor workforce planning’, staff loss and ‘highly paid executives’, with the average Australian Vice Chancellor earning twice that of the Prime Minister. However, the growing mistrust of academic institutions is only part of the picture.
Click here to view the post
The below are tools and resources we’ve drawn on and developed that can be used by practitioners, decision-makers, and community members wanting to implement or evaluate place-based system change initiatives.
Tools and resources
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Practitioners, decision-makers, and community members rely on various practical resources, such as reports, guidelines and implementation plans, to inform their work. Despite the potential of these resources to influence decision-making and practice, there is currently no tool to examine their attributes or assess their usefulness to practitioners and decision-makers. This prompted us to develop the Resources’ Attributes for evidence-informed Practice Tool (RAPT).
Download the tool: Klepac, B., Mowle, A., Riley, T., Craike, M (2023) Resources’ Attributes for evidence-informed Practice Tool (RAPT). Pathways in Place-Victoria University. -
Community resource mapping can help to develop an in-depth understanding of community resources, such as programs, services, and infrastructure. The C-CAP process is suitable for anyone who seeks to identify a community’s strengths and resources, including practitioners, researchers, and policymakers. This tool can be used to assist in this process.
For guidance on how to use this template for community resource mapping, please see our peer-reviewed publication and our methods snapshot.
Download the tool: Mowle, A., Klepac, B., Riley, T., Craike, M., 2023, 'The C-CAP Process for Community Resource Mapping', Health Promotion Practice. -
This System Map shows insights into the education and employment pathways available to young people in Brimbank. It was created by graphic artist Kirsten Moegerlein based on insights provided by a number of Brimbank community stakeholders.
You can download the system map here.